Wednesday, February 2, 2011

Blueberry, a superfood

Are blueberries also blue on the inside?

I puzzled on this question during my time in Boston. I was eating a pint of blueberries one day with my nephew and was surprised at the size of the berries as well as the pale whitish green color on the inside. Was I dreaming, or have I eaten blueberries that are also blue on the inside? Let's find out together.

At Whole Foods one day, I posed this question to a WF associate in the berry section. He had no idea..and he suggested I try the 3 or 4 brands available. So I did some due diligence...biting into a regular blueberry, then an organic one, and then a third and 4th type. All insides ranged from white to pale green! I swear I've picked and eaten wild blueberries while hiking the Welch-Dickey trail with a certain McPolack and other work friends, and remember them being blue in the middle. As a kid, I remember eating blue on the inside blueberries too. So then, what was this giant impostor of a berry with its pale green insides?

A quick Google search confirms my question...the answer is yes, wild blueberries and the European gold standard for blueberries is blue on the inside. But the answer is a little more nuanced.

Wikipedia's article on Blueberries provides a lot of interesting information and answers my burning question. 
  • What makes the blueberry blue on the outside? The blueberry starts its life as a little green berry, and attributes its blue color to a substance called anthocyanin, a water soluble pigment that ranges from blue to shades of red. Wild blueberries and the European blueberry have higher levels of this substance than the North American variety.
  • Besides being a delicious superfood, blueberries could have possible medicinal uses such as fighting cancer cells and improving memory (or rather, slowing down cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's and aging). 
  • How many types of blueberries are there? There are a few varieties grown all over the world but they are mostly classified as low bush (wild) and high bush (cultivated).  
  • The family Vaccinium:
    • In North America, blueberries are from Vaccinium cyanococcus, an easily cultivated plant.
    • Looking for blueberries in France? Ask for Myrtilles because here blueberries are harvested from a wild low bush called Vaccinium myrtillus. You may see them called bilberries as well.
  • How can you tell the difference between the two?  
    • European blueberries/bilberries grow singularly or in pairs on the plant whereas North American blueberries grow in clusters.
    • When cutting the fruit, European varieties are blue to dark purple on the inside; North American ones are range from whitish gray to light green.
    • What state produces the most blueberries? Maine is the largest producer in the world, growing 25% of the world's blueberries but Michigan produces 32%, or the most amount of blueberries that are eaten in the U.S. per year. In Boston, I've seen blueberries from Maine, New Jersey but not Michigan.
    • Bees are important to pollination of blueberry bushes. In Maine alone, 50,000 beehives are trucked in from other states each year to pollinate Maine's production. 
    One last thing about berries. My garden in Boston has a pretty row of raspberries which produce big juicy fruit during July and August and sometimes into September. I've noticed that these raspberries have small hairs around each fruit, unlike the store bought ones which are totally hair-free. What's up with the hairs? Apparently the hairs on a raspberry aid in pollination, latching on like burrs to an animal's fur or a bee's back where it can be carried elsewhere to grow new raspberry bushes.

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